Air pollution can have harmful effects on public health and endanger people with existing health concerns. Exposure to air pollutants primarily impacts the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, potentially causing a number of symptoms and illnesses.
Respiratory Effects

Pollutants can narrow and inflame airways, leading to decreased airflow, abnormal mucus production, fluid accumulation and shedding of cells that line and protect the airways. This may result in:

Symptoms

• Coughing
• Wheezing
• Buildup of phlegm
• Shortness of breath
• Chest tightness

Illnesses

• Asthma
• Bronchitis (acute or chronic)
• Emphysema
• Pneumonia
• Chronic bronchitis
• Premature aging of the lungs

Cardiovascular Effects

Low oxygenation of red blood cells and inflammation caused by air pollutants lead to abnormal heart rhythms, narrowing of vessels (vasoconstriction) and increased risk of blood clot formation and hardening and possible rupture of arteries. These issues may result in:

Symptoms

• Chest tightness
• Chest pain (angina)
• Palpitations
• Shortness of breath
• Unusual fatigue

Illnesses

• Coronary artery disease
• Congestive heart failure

To reduce risks associated with air pollution, check your local air quality forecasts and adhere to all recommended activities, including limiting time spent outside.